Commercial Truck Classes Explained: Which Class Does Your Business Need
Summary
- Commercial trucks are divided into eight weight classes by the Federal Highway Administration and grouped into three categories: light duty, medium duty and heavy duty.
- Truck classifications, based on Gross Vehicle Weight Rating, affect operational decisions about driver licensing, DOT compliance and route planning.
- Penske offers commercial rental trucks across all three weight categories, from light-duty box trucks to medium-duty step vans and Class 8 semi-tractors.
- Choosing the right truck class for your business starts by understanding your payload, routes, driver qualifications and compliance requirements.
Let’s face it. Searching for a rental truck can be overwhelming. While there are lots of factors to consider, there’s one key item that can serve as your North Star: the truck weight classification.
What do truck classifications mean?
Truck weight classes are based on Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR). That’s the maximum amount of weight a truck can carry safely, including cargo, fuel and people.
The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) groups trucks into eight capacity classes within three categories: light-duty, medium-duty and heavy-duty. Class 1 is the lightest, while Class 8 is the heaviest.
Why getting the truck class right matters
When you choose a commercial rental truck in the appropriate weight class, it makes every other decision easier, including choices about:
- Meeting Department of Transportation (DOT) regulations. Trucks with a GVWR of 10,001 or more must carry DOT numbers on both sides.
- Properly licensing your drivers. A Commercial Driver’s License (CDL) is mandatory for trucks with a GVWR of over 26,000 lbs.
- Keeping drivers safe and compliant. Drivers operating vehicles of 10,000 lbs. or more must abide by Hours of Service (HOS) laws. They must also stop at open weigh stations along their routes.
- Planning the best routes. When drivers know their truck’s GVWR, they can use GPS and navigation software to map efficient routes that avoid weight-restricted overpasses, narrow roads and sharp turns.
You can also use GVWR to right-size your company’s fleet budget. In general, heavier trucks will consume more fuel than lighter trucks. They may also be more expensive to insure. Knowing these factors in advance can help you estimate costs more accurately.
Class 1-8 breakdown: Light duty v. medium duty v. heavy duty
Here’s how the eight FHWA truck classifications break down across three categories, along with insight into which Penske commercial rental trucks fall into each class.
Light-Duty Rental Trucks (Classes 1-3)
Light-duty trucks and cargo vans are ideal for businesses making local deliveries. They’re lightweight, gasoline-powered, easy to maneuver in tight spaces and don’t require a CDL. Companies use light-duty truck rentals to deliver medications to pharmacies, flowers to homes, linens to hotels and auto parts to repair shops.
Class 1 (up to 6,000 lbs.)
Includes smaller and mid-size pickup trucks and SUVs. These are typically outside the scope of commercial truck rentals.
Class 2 (6,001 – 10,000 lbs.)
Includes full-size pickups, cargo vans and even smaller box trucks. High-roof cargo vans and delivery vans with shelves from Penske can carry up to 9,000 lbs. of GVW. Electric cargo vans and 12 ft. box trucks can support up to 9,500 lbs. of GVW.
Class 3 (10,001 – 14,000 lbs.)
Includes larger box trucks used for local and regional deliveries. A 16 ft. box truck and a delivery truck with shelves from Penske can carry up to 12,500 GVW.
Medium-Duty Rental Trucks (Classes 4-6)
Step vans, larger box trucks and flatbeds fall into the medium-duty truck category. They’re a perfect go-between if your business has outgrown the capacity of light-duty rentals but doesn’t need tractor-trailers. Perfect for the short haul, medium-duty trucks are popular choices for retailers, farmers and construction firms. And because this class also includes refrigerated truck rental options, medium-duty vehicles also benefit grocers and beverage distributors. Drivers do not need a CDL to operate most medium-duty trucks.
Class 4 (14,001 – 16,000 lbs.) and Class 5 (16,001 – 19,500 lbs.)
Include larger walk-in vans, step vans, and cabover trucks that can handle both light-duty and heavy-duty loads. 16 and 18 ft. cabover trucks and 16 ft. cabover refrigerated trucks from Penske can carry up to 17,500 lbs. of GVW. 18, 20 and 22 ft. step vans with jump seats and shelves can carry up to 19,500 lbs. of GVW.
Class 6 (19,501 – 26,000 lbs.)
The heavyweights of the medium-duty class. Penske offers a range of medium-duty trucks that can accommodate up to 26,000 lbs. of GVW, including:
- 22 to 26 ft. box truck rentals with liftgates (non-CDL)
- 18 to 26 ft. refrigerated trucks (non-CDL)
- 24 to 26 ft. flatbed trucks (non-CDL)
Heavy-Duty Rental Trucks (Classes 7 and 8)
Heavy-duty trucks are ideal for long-haul freight and heavy equipment. This class includes large box trucks, refrigerated trucks and flatbed trucks, along with single and tandem-axle semi-tractors. All heavy-duty truck rentals require a CDL to drive.
Class 7 (26,001 – 33,000 lbs.)
Designed for regional and national routes. These Penske commercial rental trucks can all accommodate a GVW up to 33,000 lbs.:
- 22 to 26 ft. box trucks (CDL required)
- 18 to 26 ft. refrigerated trucks (CDL required)
- 24 to 26 ft. flatbed trucks (CDL required)
Class 8 (33,001+ lbs.)
Includes semi-tractors that can be paired with 48 and 53 ft. dry van trailers, 53 ft. refrigerated trailers or 40 to 53 ft. flatbed trailers. Single-axle day cabs from Penske can handle up to 65,000 lbs. of GVW. Tandem-axle day cabs and tandem-axle sleeper tractors can carry up to 80,000 lbs. of GVW.
How To Choose the Right Truck Class for Your Business
Once you understand commercial weight classes, you can select rental trucks that meet your business’s needs. For best results, ask yourself these questions during the decision-making process:
- What are our seasonal needs, and how can rentals help us achieve them?
- What type of freight are we hauling, and how heavy is it?
- What is the distance each truck will travel?
- What do our typical routes look like? Highways? Side streets? Multiple stops and starts?
- Who will drive our trucks, and will they need a CDL?
- What compliance requirements will we need to follow?
Still have questions? Check out this guide: What Size Truck Do I Need?
Explore Your Options With Penske Truck Rental
Whether you need a single light-duty box truck for local delivery or a fleet of Class 8 tractors for long-haul freight, Penske has options across every weight class. Penske also offers one of the newest and best-maintained fleets in the industry, so you can keep your business moving confidently. Start your search today.
Common Questions
What are the eight commercial truck weight classes?
The Federal Highway Administration classifies trucks in eight categories. Classes 1-3 are light duty, Classes 4-6 are medium duty, and Classes 7-8 are heavy duty. Each class is determined by Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR), the maximum amount of weight a truck can carry safely when it’s fully loaded
Do I need a CDL to rent a truck for my business?
The answer depends on the truck’s GVWR. Any commercial rental vehicle that weighs more than 26,000 lbs. (Class 7 and 8) requires operators to hold a Commercial Driver’s License (CDL).
What truck class is a 26 ft. box truck?
A 26 ft. box truck can fall into Class 6 (non-CDL) or Class 7 (CDL required) based on its GVWR. Penske offers its commercial rental customers a choice of both options: A non-CDL version with a GVWR up to 26,000 lbs. and a CDL version with a GVWR of up to 33,000 lbs.
